![]() Mannheim theorized that generations provide a basis for understanding social movements-how social change is possible while cultural traditions and identity are preserved. ![]() The modern scientific usage and understanding of the term “generations” can be traced back to sociologist Karl Mannheim’s The Problem of Generations (1952). He posited that just as individuals mature and change throughout their lives, societies progress through stages, which he termed “theological,” “metaphysical,” and “positive.” According to Comte, progress through these stages is driven by generational turnover, with each successive generation bringing new and innovative ideas and practices to replace those of older generations. In the mid-1800s, Auguste Comte described social progress as the product of generational change ( Cours de Philosophie Positive, 1830–1840). EARLY SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF GENERATIONS The next chapter reviews the existing scientific literature related to generational differences in the workforce. This chapter provides background on how the concept of generation is used and has evolved in both the scientific and popular literature. An implicit assumption of generational thinking is that people who were born around the same time have similar values and attributes that differ from those of people born at a different time. While the notion of generations has a long history of scholarly consideration, attention to generational differences among individuals has become increasingly prevalent over the past 20 years. This chapter reviews the history and use of generational theories, as well as the creation of such generational labels as “baby boomers” and “millennials” that are used to describe people born in a certain time period or of a certain age.
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